Web Technologies

A company wants more customers to be able to find their website on the internet.

The company would like to start selling their products on their website. They will use both client side and server side processing to do this.

Tick (✓) one box on each row to identify whether each task would be best performed on the client side or the server side.

Discuss why search engine indexing and page ranking will be important in achieving this.

You should include the following in your answer:

• what search engine indexing means and what information is collected
• what PageRank means and possible factors that can affect a PageRank score of a website
• possible ways for the company to improve the PageRank score of pages on its website.

An online shop uses a website to sell its products. Part of the HTML code that is used for a login form on the website is shown here.

<p>
 <label>Username:</label>
 <input type="text" id="userName">
</p>
<p>
 <label>Password: </label>
 <input type="text" id="Password" onchange="errorCheck()">
</p>
<p>
 <label id="errorText">
</p>

The <label> tag will instruct the user what information they need to enter. The code onchange will run a function called errorCheck automatically after a password has been entered. The function errorCheck will check that the password is a suitable length.

Write JavaScript code for the function errorCheck which:

• checks the length of the password is between 8 and 12 characters (including 8 and 12) displays the message "Password Length Error" in the HTML label tag identified by the id errorText
• if the length is not between 8 and 12 characters.

A team of programmers create a robot that will be used in a factory. The robot will be able to do the work of multiple humans.

The programmers discuss whether to write the instructions for the robot in assembly language or a high-level language.

The robot provides a web-based interface for users. The home screen webpage for this interface is shown in Fig.

4.

[Diagram redrawn from the original paper by an AI model (Gemma 4 12B). It may contain mistakes.]

The image shows a "Robot User Interface" window containing the heading "Robot prime directives" followed by a bulleted list: "Serve the company trust", "Protect data", and "Uphold standards". Below this is a link for "Updates", a "Login" section with a "Password" label, an empty text input box, and a "Submit" button.

Fig. 4

Complete this HTML code that will display the webpage shown in Fig. 4.

<html>
   <head>
       <title>Robot User Interface</title>
   </head>
   <body>
       <h1>Robot prime directives</h1>
       ……
           <li>Serve the company trust</li>
           <li>Protect data</li>
           <li>Uphold standards</li>
       ……
   <a …… = "updates.html">Updates</a>
   <p>……</p>
   <form action="dologin.php">
       Password
       <input type = "……" name="pw">
       <input type = "……">
   </form>
   </body>
</html>

Write CSS code that could be used in an external stylesheet to format all text using the <h1> tag as white with a red background.

The robot’s web interface uses images that show the robot in action. These photographs have been taken using a digital camera.

The programmers do not want other people to download and use these images.

State the name of one relevant piece of legislation and describe how this would protect these images.

Legislation

Description

For other areas of the web interface, the programmers need to use images that they have not created themselves.

Give two ways that they could make sure these images are used legally.

1

2

One page in the website contains a hyperlink on an image. When the image stored as “ticket.png” is clicked, the user is hyperlinked to the page stored as “booking.htm”.

Write the HTML code to implement this hyperlink.

A website charges a booking fee of £2.99 on each ticket sold. In addition, if the tickets are purchased from outside of the UK, £4.99 is added to the booking fee. The booking fee is calculated using a JavaScript function named bookingfee().

Complete the definition of the bookingfee() function below.

function bookingfee(numtickets, country) {

  var nonUKprice = 4.99;

  var perTicketPrice = ……;

  var total = 0;

  if (country!="UK") {

     total = total + ……;

  }

  total = total + (…… * perTicketPrice);

  …… total;

}

The JavaScript function above is used to show users the booking fee. When users click to buy the tickets, the booking fee is calculated again on the server.

Explain why server side processing is used to recalculate the booking fee.

Explain one advantage of client side processing to either the customer buying the tickets, or to company who own the website.

Users are able to search for and find the ticket website using a search engine. Search engines can use indexing and ranking.

Describe how a website is indexed by a search engine.

A search engine can use the PageRank algorithm to determine a website’s ranking. The PageRank algorithm utilises a damping factor.

State what is meant by the term ‘damping factor’.

Give two other factors that affect the output value given by the PageRank algorithm for a website.

1

2

A website sells tickets for sporting events. The website uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

Describe the purpose of HTML and CSS within the code of the website.

HTML

CSS

Shreya is a web developer who creates webpages for a variety of different companies.

Shreya has received a webpage written in HTML shown in Fig. 2.1.

[Diagram redrawn from the original paper by an AI model (Gemma 4 12B). It may contain mistakes.]

<html>
<head>
<title>BBC Computer</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="BBC.css">

</head>
<body>
<h1 id="Beeb">History of the BBC Micro Computer</h1>

<h2>BBC Micro Models</h2>
<ul>
<li class="model">Model A</li>
<li class="model">Model B</li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>

Fig. 2.1

Some of the formatting requirements for this webpage are shown in Fig. 2.2.

Fig. 2.2

Write the CSS Shreya needs to display the webpage so that it meets the formatting requirements stated in Fig 2.2.

END OF QUESTION PAPER